Effect of BMI on static balance and core endurance in normal young adults and overweight or obese young adults in 18-25 age group: A pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Core endurance is related to lower extremity function including balance. When an external perturbation disrupts one’s balance, movement strategies act in which along with the lower limb muscles, trunk muscles are also activated to bring COG back to normal position. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of BMI on static balance and core endurance in normal young adults (18.5-22.9 kg/cm²) and overweight and obese young adults (≥23 kg/cm²). Objective: To assess the endurance of core muscles of young adults using McGill’s Torso Endurance Test1 . To assess the static balance of young adults using single leg stance test. To find whether higher BMI has any effect on core endurance and static balance in individuals of young age group. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 young adults in the age group of 18-25 of which 30 adults were with normal BMI (18.5-22.9 kg/cm²) and 30 adults were with higher BMI (≥23 kg/cm²). It was conducted at physiotherapy centre in a tertiary care hospital. Their BMI was noted and Single Leg Stance Test and McGill’s Core Endurance Test was administered to collect the data. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16 software and unpaired t- test was used to calculate the results. Results: The study found that with increasing BMI, the core muscles become weak and have poor endurance (p=0.001, 0.029, 0.001, 0.002 for flexor endurance, right side bridge, left side bridge and extensor endurance respectively) and because they are not activated in time due to adipose tissue infiltration, higher BMI individuals also have reduced balance (p=0.000 for single leg stance test) as compared to young adults with normal BMI. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, young adults with higher BMI have reduced core endurance and lesser balance as compared to individuals with normal BMI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".