Unique Coevolution of Organic Matter and Selenium Enrichment in Cold Region Mollisols
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mollisols enriched with organic matter (OM) and selenium (Se) are a critical resource supporting global food security. Nonetheless, concerns arise as climate change and agricultural practices threaten Mollisol sustainability. Particularly, how the environmental conditions and biogeochemical processes constrain coevolution of OM and Se in Mollisols of cold regions is an unresolved issue. By combining pedogeochemical and multi-isotopic analyses with ultrahigh-resolution molecular and bioenergetic characterization of Mollisols in NE China, this research presents new evidence that unique cold region soil-forming environments are central to the coenrichment of OM and Se. While Mollisol OM originated from both C 3 (e.g., meadow) and C 4 (e.g., corn) plants, paleoclimate and redox shifts emerged as critical factors driving variations in the compositional and structural characteristics of OM, and substantial differences with the underlying parent material. The abundance of moderately energetic organic compounds (e.g., lipids and proteins) in Mollisols accounts for Se retention as organic-bound species. Under agricultural land use, the loss of OM and Se was accompanied by increasing proportions of microbial metabolites and fulvic acid-bound and hydrophilic Se species. By highlighting the dominant environmental drivers of changes in OM and Se chemistry in Mollisols, our research provides new knowledge that helps guide sustainable management of this valuable natural resource.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".