Detection of social frailty in older adults: validation and reliability of the Makizako Social Frailty Index for Turkish older adults, a cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acknowledging social frailty is crucial in nations where the number of older adults is rising. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the Makizako Social Frailty Index among the Turkish older adult population. METHODS: One hundred and seventy patients were included in the study. Older adults admitted to the geriatric medicine outpatient clinic at the university hospital were included. All patients had a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) concordance test was used to assess the validity of the Makizako Social Frailty Index. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability analyses were also performed. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 72.8 ± 5.82 years. Among them, 105 individuals (61.8%) were female. A total of 32 participants (18.8%) were living alone. There were 102 individuals (60.0%) with an educational duration of 5 years or less. There was a moderate concordance between the Makizako Social Frailty Index and the EFS (Cohen's kappa: 0.287, p<0.001). The Makizako Social Frailty Index inter-rater and retest reliabilities were excellent (Cohen's kappa: 0.913, p<0.001 and 0.895, p<0.001, respectively). The sensitivity of the Makizako Social Frailty Index determined according to the EFS was 68.00% (95%CI: 46.50-85.05), the specificity was 74.48% (95%CI: 66.58-81.35), the positive predictive value was 31.48% (95%CI: 23.78-40.35), and the negative predictive value was 93.10% (95%CI: 88.32-96.02). CONCLUSIONS: The Makizako Social Frailty Index, which comprehensively assessed social frailty through five items, was a valid and reliable tool for the Turkish older adult population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".