Effect of a single exercise bout on fasting cerebral blood flow and brain insulin sensitivity in middle‐aged to older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Reductions in brain insulin sensitivity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) have emerged as potential factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. However, no work has tested whether a single bout of exercise can raise brain insulin sensitivity in at‐risk adults. The aim of the study was to test whether a single bout of exercise raises brain insulin sensitivity in middle‐aged to older adults with cardiometabolic risk. In a counterbalanced pilot study design, 15 cognitively unimpaired (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 28.2 ± 1.3 a.u.) adults [56.7 ± 2.1 years old; maximal oxygen consumption (), 23.9 ± 0.9 mL/kg/min] with excess body weight (body mass index, 31.8 ± 1.3 kg/m 2 ) and impaired glucose tolerance (haemoglobin A1c, 5.8% ± 0.30%) were randomized to a rest (time‐matched control) or acute treadmill exercise bout (70% for 60 min) in the evening. The next morning, participants arrived fasted to determine brain insulin sensitivity. Plasma glucose and insulin, in addition to CBF, were assessed by pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labelling before and after intranasal insulin (40 IU). Cognition (NIH toolbox), aerobic fitness () and body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) were also analysed. There was no difference in plasma glucose or insulin following intranasal with or without exercise. Although cognition was also not improved, exercise increased CBF in the hippocampus, putamen and pallidum (condition effect, P < 0.05). Exercise‐induced increases in fasting hippocampus, caudate, pallidum and putamen CBF were correlated with a lowering of CBF responses to insulin. In middle‐aged to older adults with cardiometabolic risk, a single bout of exercise increased fasting CBF, and this related to decreased CBF insulin responses in regions related to memory and motor control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".