The effect of extended cold storage and the use of extenders on motility and swimming kinematics of shortnose sturgeon sperm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shortnose sturgeon ( Acipenser brevirostrum ) are listed as a species of special concern in Canada and as endangered in the US. Increasing knowledge about the reproductive biology of this species will aid in the development of assisted reproduction protocols. However, access to wild sperm is limited, so short-term and long-term storage of sperm from sturgeon is crucial for reproductive studies. Milt samples were collected from wild shortnose sturgeon caught in the Wolastoq River, New Brunswick, Canada. Subsets of semen were mixed with different extenders with or without oxygen; control treatments without extenders were also run. We used computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) to determine sperm motility and swimming kinematics for the different treatments. All groups were examined immediately after collection and treatment application, and then 1, 2, and 7 days after storage in a fridge (4 o C) for experiment 1, and days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 24 for experiment 2. Motility, curvilinear velocity, linearity, and wobble showed an overall decrease over time, and there was no significant effect of oxygen. Milt treated with the Park and Chapman extender had the slowest motility decline of extenders used (41.21% in 2022 and 47.09% in 2023) after 7 days, but only maintained motility up to day 10. While untreated milt maintained some motility up to day 21, milt treated with the modified Tsvetkova extender remained motile for up to 24 days (<5%), and had less potential for contamination, making the modified Tsvetkova extender the most practical extender choice. • Motility persisted up to day 21 without extenders and with or without oxygen. • The extenders Park and Chapman and modified Tsvetkova most prolonged motility. • Milt treated with the Park and Chapman extender showed slower decline of motility. • Milt treated with the modified Tsvetkova extender showed less visible contamination.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".