Subjective Cognitive Complaints in individuals with Migraine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Migraine is a highly prevalent and disabling neurological disorder with substantial socioeconomic impact, classified as with/without aura and episodic/chronic based on episode frequency. Chronic migraine patients show greater disability, higher psychiatric comorbidity, and worse neuropsychological outcomes. Cognitive dysfunction, often persisting beyond pain resolution, is a recognized component of migraines. Up to 30% of patients report subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) during the prodromal phase and 38% during the painful phase. SCC refers to perceived cognitive deficits not consistently reflected in neuropsychological testing. This study aims to compare cognitive complaint reports based on migraine type (with/without aura, episodic/chronic) and levels of disability in migraine patients with normal Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Additionally, it analyzes the comorbidity of anxiety and depression. METHOD: This cross-sectional, multicenter study invited patients diagnosed with migraine based on ICHD-3 criteria. INCLUSION CRITERIA: disease duration >1 year, age 30-60 years, MoCA (Argentinean version) score ≥25. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: other neuropsychiatric conditions, other chronic pain disorders, or use of cannabis, opioids, or corticosteroids. All participants provided informed consent. Instruments administered: Argentinean version of Cognitive Complaints Questionnaire (CCQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire. RESULT: A total of 42 patients were included: mean age 42.8±9.11 years, mean education 14.6±3.31 years; 88.1% were women. Regarding migraine type: 59.5% had migraines without aura, 71.4% had episodic migraines; mean disease duration 13.7±11.1 years. MIDAS disability levels: no/minimal (35.7%), mild (21.4%), moderate (14.3%), severe (28.6%). CCQ scores showed no significant differences between patients with aura (24.1±13.1) and without aura (29.1±15.4; p = 0.26), or between those with episodic (26.2±14.6) and chronic migraines (29.1±14.9; p = 0.57). Similarly, CCQ scores based on MIDAS disability levels were as follows: 20.4±13.6 for no/minimal, 29.9±12.7 for mild, 29.7±17.8 for moderate, and 31.9±13.9 for severe disability (p = 0.20). HADS anxiety and depression subscales showed no significant differences by migraine type or disability levels, but higher scores were observed as disability increased. CONCLUSION: Migraine is associated with disability and impacts cognitive and emotional health. No significant differences in SCC were observed based on migraine type or disability levels. The study is ongoing for a deeper understanding of these factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".