Intravascular lymphoma presenting with destructive rhinitis in a dog with epistaxis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Intravascular lymphoma is a rare form of lymphoma characterised by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphocytes within blood vessels, with a reported predilection for the central nervous system in dogs. An 8.5‐year‐old, female, spayed labrador retriever presented with a 3‐week history of intermittent sneezing and bilateral epistaxis. Computed tomography identified bilateral nasal turbinate lysis and an ill‐defined hyperattenuating left forebrain mass. Rhinoscopy confirmed the intranasal changes, and nasal mucosal biopsies were obtained. Severe epistaxis unresponsive to administration of tranexamic acid was observed post‐rhinoscopy, followed by cardiorespiratory arrest secondary to blood aspiration; resuscitation was declined. Fungal culture of the intranasal biopsies was negative. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry performed on the nasal mucosal biopsies revealed a null‐cell, proliferating large cell lymphoma within the nasal blood vessels, indicative of intravascular lymphoma. This report describes the first case of intravascular lymphoma manifesting with destructive rhinitis in a dog.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".