Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease with Deep Cervical Lymph‐Venous Anastomosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. AD is characterized by the pathological accumulation of Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Recent studies have found that the lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the clearance of Aβ and tau. The present study seeks to explore whether deep cervical lymph-venous anastomosis (LVA), a surgery that was initially for the treatment of cervical lymphatic obstruction, has beneficial effects in AD patients. METHODS: This study included 65 AD patients who met the 2024 diagnostic criteria and were in stages 4 to 6 of the disease, determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). After anesthesia, indocyanine green (10 mM, 0.1 mL) was injected submucosally into the bilateral middle nasal turbinate to visualize deep cervical lymphatic vessels. The internal jugular vein was exposed, and fluorescently highlighted adjacent lymph nodes were carefully selected. Two-thirds of the lymph nodes were excised, while the remaining portion was anastomosed end-to-side with the internal jugular vein. A drainage tube was placed and removed on postoperative day 1. The procedure was performed bilaterally. MoCA, MMSE, and ADL were assessed on days 7 and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-operation and compared to preoperative baselines. RESULTS: In 65 deep cervical LVA AD cases, nearly 90% showed overall improvements in cognition, daily living abilities, and quality of life. By postoperative day 7, most patients exhibited cognitive improvement accompanied by excitement, insomnia, or irritability. By postoperative 3 months, cognitive function and daily living abilities had all significantly improved. Ongoing studies are continuing to track longer-term outcomes. CONCLUSION: The present study provided strong evidence demonstrating that deep cervical LVA improves cognitive function, mental state, and daily activities in AD patients. Our results suggest that this surgical procedure offers a promising therapeutic approach for AD treatment and paves the way for further investigation into its long-term consequences and underlying mechanisms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".