Exploring how individuals with dementia self‐cue while completing three household tasks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The decline in ability to complete everyday activities independently is a major determinant of quality of life for people living with dementia. Previous research has shown that saying task-relevant information out-loud ('self-cueing') while completing a task assists with children and older adults by helping them to keep on-task. However, there is limited investigation of the self-cueing potential in people living with dementia. This study explores how older adults with and without cognitive impairment keep themselves on-task while completing everyday activities. METHOD: Using an observational mixed-methods study design, thirty older adults with (n = 15) and without (n = 15) cognitive impairment are completing household tasks in a simulated home environment. Participants are screened using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool. Participants in both groups are asked to complete three household tasks in a 1.5-hour session: (1) make a hot drink, (2) make a bed, and (3) fold laundry. Behaviours are recorded with eye-tracking glasses, video cameras, a physiological sensor watch, and field-notes. Survey data regarding task familiarity is also collected. Recordings are thematically analyzed using Noldus Observer XT behavioural analysis software to compare task behaviours between older adults with and without cognitive impairment. RESULT: In total, 15 participants without cognitive impairment (MoCA x̄ = 27/30) and 6 participants with cognitive impairment (MoCA x̄ = 21/30) have completed the tasks to date. Behavioural analysis of the video data shows a greater number of interruptions and repetitions during task completion in the cognitive impairment group compared to the control group. Analysis of the eye-tracking data indicates participants in the control group often look ahead to items involved in the next step of the task while analysis of eye-tracking data in the cognitive impairment group is currently being explored. CONCLUSION: This study is important for understanding how difficulties with self-cueing may undermine the ability of people living with dementia to stay on-track during everyday task completion. The findings will be used to inform future interventions aimed at prompting individuals with dementia to stay on-track for successful task completion. Such interventions could maintain independence, and delay demands on family and services for support with daily activities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".