Exploring the correlation between cognitive impairment and serum troponin I in the Qinghai Plateau region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Research has found that high levels of serum myocardial necrosis markers, specifically Troponin I (TnI), can affect heart pumping, leading to an increased risk of vascular disease and cognitive impairment. TnI can also be affected by hypoxia and exerrese. Our study investigates the correlation between TnI levels and multiple cognitive domains in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and Alzheimer's disease(AD) in hypoxic environment. Method Using a cross‐sectional approach, we selected 535 middle‐aged and elderly individuals(age 64.18 ±10.42 years) from the Qinghai region (average altitude < 3,000 meters). Participants were categorized into three groups based on their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores: 318 with normal cognition, 135 with MCI, and 82 with AD. Collect demographic and general clinical data, assess with multidimensional cognitive scales, and measure blood biomarkers such as serum troponin I (TnI) levels. Result There were statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of age, gender, education level, occupation, height, weight, smoking, drinking, marital status, and living conditions ( p <0.05). Compared with the cognitively normal group, the MCI group showed significantly lower Pulse Oximetry Saturation (SpO 2 ) levers ( p <0.05); serum TnI values increased in both the MCI and AD groups ( p <0.05, p <0.01). The ordered logistic regression results indicate that weight ( p = 0.012), instrumental activities of daily living ability (IADL) ( p = 0.004), albumin (ALB) ( p = 0.001), C‐reactive protein ( p = 0.033), and TNI ( p = 0.026) were risk factors for the MCI and AD. Male ( p = 0.006), stop drinking ( p = 0.013) and good basic activities of daily living (BADL) ( p = 0.031) are protective factors. Correlation analysis showed that SpO₂ was positively correlated with Symbol‐Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (r s =0.103), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) (r s =0.111), and negatively correlated with Digit Span Test (DST) (r s =‐0.125), IADL (r s =‐0.185), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (r s =‐0.125) ( p <0.05). TnI is positively correlated with Stroop color‐word test (Stroop‐C) (r s =0.208) and IADL (r s =0.185) ( p = 0.01), while it is negatively correlated with the Auditory Verbal Learning Test ‐ Delayed Recall (AVLT) (r s =‐0.240), SDMT (r s =‐0.256), and VFT (r s =‐0.191) ( p <0.01). Conclusion Elevated TnI is a risk factor for MCI and AD patients in hypoxic environments. There is a correlation between TnI and SpO₂ levels were associated with memory, executive function, attention, and language skills.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".