Transcriptomic profiling reveals early immune activation and metabolic remodeling in lymphoid tissues following in ovo Marek’s disease virus mRNA vaccination in chickens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly contagious oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that continues to threaten global poultry production, highlighting the need for next-generation vaccines. Although in ovo delivery of conventional MDV vaccines has been effective, vaccine leakiness has accelerated viral evolution by promoting the selection of more virulent, immune-evasive strains. mRNA vaccines offer a flexible and rapidly adaptable platform capable of inducing potent immune responses, yet their application against MDV remains unexplored in the in ovo context. Here, we report the first in ovo administration of a bivalent MDV mRNA vaccine encoding glycoprotein B (gB) and phosphoprotein 38 (pp38). RNA sequencing of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius at 12-, 24-, and 48-hours post-vaccination revealed distinct, time- and tissue-specific transcriptional programs. In the spleen, differential expression analysis (fold-change ≥ 2, padj < 0.05) demonstrated early activation of caudal-type homeobox 1 (CDX1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), together with interferon-stimulated antiviral genes MX dynamin-like GTPase 1 (MX1), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like (OASL), and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (IFIT5). In contrast, the bursa exhibited persistent modulation of colipase (CLPS), chymotrypsinogen B1 (CTRB1), and deoxyribonuclease I (DNASE1), indicating metabolic and apoptotic remodeling. These results demonstrate that in ovo mRNA vaccination against MDV rapidly activates organ-specific immune and metabolic pathways, providing a transcriptomic framework for the rational design of poultry mRNA vaccines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".