Dietary Intake of Canadian Middle‐Aged Endurance Athletes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the present study was to assess dietary intakes of Canadian non-elite middle-aged endurance athletes and explore potential sex differences. METHODS: Non-consecutive 3-day food intake records (FIR) were analyzed using Cronometer. Intakes were compared to dietary reference intakes (DRIs), acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs), and sports nutrition guidelines when available. Dietary intakes, including the proportion of males versus females meeting recommendations for each nutrient, were assessed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and/or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: , moderate-vigorous activity [MVA] = 627.0 ± 3.2 min/week). All athletes met recommendations for protein (PRO), but not carbohydrates (CHO; 20.5% met sport nutrition guidelines) or fat (FAT; 54.5% exceeded AMDRs), with no differences between males and females. Athletes did not meet the recommended intakes for vitamin D (4.5% [38.6% with supplementation]), vitamin E (34.1% [47.7% with supplementation]), potassium (15.9%), calcium (50.0% [61.4% with supplementation]), or magnesium (65.9% [78.0% with supplementation]), and exceed the recommended intake of sodium (70.5% exceeded DRI). Females were more likely than males to have intakes below the DRIs for several vitamins and minerals, however many of these differences disappeared when supplement use was considered. CONCLUSION: Middle-aged athletes require diets that not only support physical performance but also promote healthy aging. Findings in the present study indicate that Canadian non-elite middle-aged endurance athletes are not meeting recommended intakes of CHO, FAT, and many micronutrients; improving adherence to recommended intakes may help these athletes achieve optimal performance, taking into consideration age- and sex-related physiological changes. Future directions should investigate longitudinal dietary intake among middle-aged endurance athletes, as well as dietary intake based on menopausal stage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".