Musical Mindset: Within‐Person Links among Social Wellbeing, Depressive Symptoms and Cognition for Persons with Alzheimer's Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-pharmacological lifestyle modifications, including arts- and music-based interventions, have known psychological and cognitive benefits for persons with Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD). Although such interventions yield positive results for participants overall, intervention outcomes can vary due to significant individual differences in symptoms (e.g., loneliness, depressive affect) and disease progression. Voices in Motion (ViM) is a longitudinal, intensive repeated-measures intervention utilizing choral singing to promote psychological and cognitive health for persons with ADRD. The current study explores whether participating in ViM results in systematic time-varying fluctuations between social wellbeing, depressive symptomology, and cognitive function. We hypothesized that, on occasions when a participant's level of social wellbeing or depressive symptoms were lower relative to their personal average, there would be a corresponding improvement in their cognitive performance. Notably, the novel within-person design of this study allowed for a more rigorous test of these associations, while controlling for known population-mean confounds (e.g., age, sex). METHOD: Individuals with ADRD (n = 32, M age=79.09, SD=7.95, range=57-98, female=53%) participated in the ViM study. ViM's intensive repeated-measure burst design included up to 4 assessments within each 3.5-month choral season, permitting distinct evaluation of between- vs. within-person variance and the use of person-mean centering, whereby participants served as their own controls. Measures of cognitive function included the Clock Drawing Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The Patient Health Questionnaire indexed depressive symptomology and the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health II indexed social wellbeing via self-reported social activity and social support items. Age, education, and sex were included as between-person covariates for all analyses. RESULT: Preliminary multilevel analyses indicated that changes in MMSE scores significantly and positively covaried with social activity satisfaction (p < 0.05); on occasions when social activity was higher, cognitive function also improved. CONCLUSION: These results suggest social activity satisfaction is associated with within-person changes in global cognitive functioning for individuals with ADRD, highlighting how a music intervention can foster both social wellbeing and cognitive function. Non-pharmacological interventions and social prescription hold potential for improving psychological and cognitive health for those with ADRD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".