Exploring the Impact of Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Environmental Barriers on Physical Activity Behaviour among School-Age Children: A Structural Equation Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: More than 80% of children do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity, which can have long-term health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between self-efficacy, social support, environmental barriers, and physical activity behavior in school-aged children. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among secondary school children aged 9–14. Online surveys were administered to both children and their parents to assess children's physical activity levels, perceived self-efficacy, social support, and environmental barriers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the theoretical model and examine the direct and indirect effects of these factors on physical activity. Results: The model we defined based on self-efficacy, social support and environmental barriers showed acceptable fit values (X2/sd=1.94, SRMR=0.06, GFI=0.92, AGFI=0.89, RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.92 and NFI=0.84). The direct effect of the self-efficacy on physical activity level was found to be statistically significant (β=0.42, p
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".