Tailoring structure-property relationships of fungal mycelium for material applications: A process engineering approach for pure mycelium-based biomaterials
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pure mycelium materials (PMMs) offer sustainable alternatives to traditional animal and synthetic polymer-based leather and petroleum-based packaging materials, by using innocuous fungi and agri-food biomass residues. Fungi respond readily to growth conditions and produce mycelia with tunable material properties to yield a diverse array of products. Additionally, these properties can be further modified through various post-processing techniques. This critical review examines how process engineering approaches, such as manipulating the fungal microenvironment, via optimal growth conditions, substrate selection, and bioreactor design, as well as post-processing techniques, can be effectively employed to engineer the properties of PMMs. It specifically describes the structure-property relationships of mycelium as governed by substrate assimilation and fermentation process parameters, and their impact on the fungal phenotype. To this, a comprehensive discussion on the role of fermentation conditions to mediate changes in fungal hyphal structure, composition, orientation, and cell wall composition – all of which determine the final mycelium material properties – is provided. By examining these relationships, this review aims to provide process insights that could guide the design and implementation of PMM production systems with enhanced yield and productivity along with the provision of tuneable material properties. Finally, the review highlights other considerations such as life cycle assessment and regulatory requirements, and their relationships with process engineering, which are important for PMM development and their industry exploitation. • Microenvironment conditions and bioreactor design impact mycelium morphology • Varying mycelium orientation via process conditions gives different PMM properties • Feedstock selection is a useful means to alter mycelium composition and properties • Post-processing techniques can enhance flexibility and strength of PMMs • LCA is governed by growth and post-processing steps for PMM design
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it