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Record W7117415493 · doi:10.61091/um125-08

Graph identification index

2025· article· W7117415493 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueUtilitas Mathematica · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldMathematics
TopicGraph theory and applications
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsVertex (graph theory)MultipartiteGraphUpper and lower boundsSimple graphString (physics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

<p>We introduce the <em>ID-index</em> of a finite simple connected graph. For a graph <span class="math inline">\(G=(V,\ E)\)</span> with diameter <span class="math inline">\(d\)</span>, we let <span class="math inline">\(f:V\longrightarrow \mathbb{Z}\)</span> assign <em>ranks</em> to the vertices. Then under <span class="math inline">\(f\)</span>, each vertex <span class="math inline">\(v\)</span> gets a <em>string</em>, which is a <span class="math inline">\(d\)</span>-vector with the <span class="math inline">\(i\)</span>-th coordinate being the sum of the ranks of the vertices that are of distance <span class="math inline">\(i\)</span> from <span class="math inline">\(v\)</span>. The <em>ID-index</em> of <span class="math inline">\(G\)</span>, denoted by <span class="math inline">\(IDI(G)\)</span>, is defined to be the minimum number <span class="math inline">\(k\)</span> for which there is an <span class="math inline">\(f\)</span> with <span class="math inline">\(|f(V)|=k\)</span>, such that each vertex gets a distinct string under <span class="math inline">\(f\)</span>. We present some relations between ID-graphs, which were defined by Chartrand, Kono, and Zhang, and their ID-indices; give a lower bound on the ID-index of a graph; and determine the ID-indices of paths, grids, cycles, prisms, complete graphs, some complete multipartite graphs, and some caterpillars.</p>

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.839
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.318
Teacher spread0.296 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it