Adult Survival of Parnassius smintheus Doubleday (Papilionidae) is Unrelated to Meteorological Conditions Over the Last Decade
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Climate change is affecting insects across the globe. Here, we examined how meteorological conditions during the adult flight season of the alpine butterfly, Parnassius smintheus affected estimates of survival using mark-release-recapture methods. We compiled meteorological and survival data from two large, contiguous populations for 10 years between 2011 and 2022. Over this period, we found an increase in mean photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and mean temperature during the mark-recapture interval. Despite these patterns there was no relationship between PAR, rainfall, relative humidity, and mean, minimum or maximum temperature, and apparent survival. We also found no interactions between rainfall and maximum or mean temperature on survival. Similarly, we found that the loss rate (due to either mortality or emigration) among all 17 subpopulations along Jumpingpound Ridge, Kananaskis Country, Alberta, Canada was unrelated to any meteorological condition. Our results indicate that adult P. smintheus are resilient to meteorological conditions experienced during their flight season over the last decade. Survival estimates are similar to those estimated for many other Parnassius species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".