Effects of Elastic Tape Associated With Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Male Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for a 2-Arm, Assessor-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Individuals with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may exhibit thoracoabdominal asynchrony, which reduces ventilatory efficiency. A novel intervention using elastic tape (ET) applied to the chest wall has been shown to acutely reduce thoracoabdominal asynchrony and dyspnea during exercise among individuals with COPD. We hypothesize that using ET in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may increase the benefits of PR in this population. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the additional effects of ET on exercise capacity, symptoms of anxiety and depression, health-related quality of life, and physical activity in daily life among male individuals with moderate to very severe COPD who are undergoing PR. Methods: This is a protocol for a randomized, controlled, 2-arm, parallel, blinded assessor clinical trial. Individuals will be followed for 8 weeks, twice a week, with PR sessions lasting approximately 1 hour. Health status (COPD Assessment Test), health-related quality of life (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire), and psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) will be assessed before and after the intervention. Then, exercise capacity will be assessed via the incremental shuttle walking test and endurance shuttle walking test, and participants will use a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph) for 7 days to assess physical activity in daily life. Subsequently, individuals will be randomized into ET or sham groups; both groups will complete a PR program (2 times per week for 8 weeks). The ET group will receive applications of ET, whereas the sham group will receive a nonelastic tape. Data will be presented as means and SDs or medians and IQRs. Intergroup comparisons will be performed using a 2-way ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni post hoc correction test, or the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn post hoc test. The threshold for statistical significance will be set at 5%. Results: The clinical trial registration was approved in June 2023. Recruitment and data collection for the trial are ongoing; as of November 2025, a total of 10 individuals have been recruited, and the results are expected to be available by the end of November 2026. Conclusions: We hypothesize that the use of ET can enhance the benefits of PR in individuals with moderate to very severe COPD and increase exercise capacity and quality of life, as well as reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.043 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".