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Record W7117465852 · doi:10.4006/0836-1398-38.4.387

On the validity of the principle of relativity in the physical universe

2025· article· en· W7117465852 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Michal Křı́žek

Bibliographic record

VenuePhysics Essays · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicCosmology and Gravitation Theories
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCosmic microwave backgroundTheory of relativityInertial frame of referenceUniverseCosmic background radiationPrinciple of relativityMetric expansion of spaceGeneral relativityTests of general relativityAge of the universe

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

We present several examples showing that a significant discrepancy exists between the principle of relativity in the real physical universe and its mathematical model, especially for high relativistic velocities. According to this principle, all inertial systems are equivalent, i.e., indistinguishable. However, a fast-moving traveler in any direction in the physical universe can readily determine that his system is not equivalent with others, since there exists a preferred cosmic reference system S 0 , associated with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which has the same temperature 2.73 K in all directions. At high velocities with respect to S 0 , the traveler will detect strong anisotropy in this radiation, which may shift the CMB into infrared or even x-ray radiation due to the Doppler effect. A similar anisotropy appears when detecting intergalactic gas and dust, as well as light from stars and galaxies. Thus, the traveler can observe that the spectrum of galaxies on one half of the celestial sphere is shifted toward blue, while on the opposite half it is shifted toward red. Moreover, all neighboring galaxies, without exception, would be moving with respect to the traveler at high relativistic velocities in nearly the same direction. The reference system S 0 is unavoidable and cannot be overridden, eliminated, or ignored, since the CMB is present everywhere. This violates the principle of relativity in the physical universe. Since this principle is a fundamental assumption in the special theory of relativity, it is essential to verify whether the theory provides an adequate approximation of reality.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.049
Threshold uncertainty score0.133

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.283
Teacher spread0.264 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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