Human papilloma virus infection and mismatch repair protein expression in sebaceous neoplasms of the genital area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and histopathological features of sebaceous tumours of the genital area and their association with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and mismatch repair (MMR) protein deficiency. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ethical approval was obtained, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections were reviewed, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16, p53, mismatch repair proteins and HPV RNA-in-situ hybridization or HPV genotyping were performed. Clinical follow-up was retrieved from patient records. Six tumours presented in adulthood (median: 69; range: 48-73 years; M:F = 2:1) and were located on the penis, mons pubis and labia majora (median size 1.3 cm). There were four sebaceous carcinomas, one sebaceoma and one sebaceous adenoma. Three of four sebaceous carcinomas showing an overlying in-situ component were positive for high-risk HPV-ISH or subtypes, p16 block positive and p53 wild-type by IHC. The sebaceous adenoma showed loss of mismatch repair proteins and was associated with Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS), while all remaining tumours showed intact MMR protein staining, were negative for HPV, and p16 and p53 wildtype by IHC. The patient with MTS died of oesophageal adenocarcinoma; all other patients were alive without recurrences (median follow-up: 16 months, range 7-60 months). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the study emphasizes a pathogenetic role of HPV in genital sebaceous carcinomas that typically present with an in-situ component.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".