[Novel concepts emerged in the development of plant virus vectors].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are diverse plant viruses, which cause harm to the growth of almost all crops. With the in-depth research on the mechanisms of virus infection and transmission in host plants and the development of biosynthesis technology, more and more genomes of viruses have been unveiled. These research achievements not only serve as a pillar for the establishment and optimization of plant virus expression vectors but also provide a new opportunity for the research and development of unknown functional genes in host plants. In the last decade, rapid development occurred in the construction, optimization, and application of plant virus vectors. The notable progress ranges from the breakthrough research on a well-known ancient tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) vector to exploring the use of complicated negative-sense RNA virus vectors. Particularly, the application of these virus vectors in the production of plant-derived pharmaceutical proteins and the molecular breeding has garnered increasing attention. The establishment and optimization of each virus vector rely on the solid theoretical knowledge about the replication and transcription mechanisms of the viral genome, as well as the molecular interaction mechanisms between viruses and their hosts. In return, the development of plant virus vectors is conducive to revealing the interactions between viruses and their hosts in new aspects. To facilitate the understanding of the research and application of plant virus vectors, this review expounds on the design and engineering strategies of plant virus vectors, the novel functions of viral movement proteins, host immune responses to virus infections, virus-induced gene editing (VIGE), and application of virus vectors in molecular breeding. Finally, the challenges faced by the development and application of virus vectors are discussed. As the understanding of viral gene regulation and the virus-host interaction mechanisms deepens, more plant viruses with small genomes will serve to improve the grain yield and quality and the human health. The development of plant virus vector has facilitated the evolution of 'a pathogen' into 'a practical tool' that promoted innovation in plant biotechnology research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".