Soil losses due to carrot and sweetpotato harvesting: the role of root morphology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carrots and sweetpotatoes are cultivated worldwide to address food security. However, how carrot and sweetpotato root morphologies contribute to soil loss due to harvesting (SLCHcrop) is not clear. Thus, a 2-year study was conducted to compare SLCHcrop of carrot and sweetpotato with contrasting morphologies, and assess the cost of replacing nutrient loss. Harvested crops were classified into two morphological groups (root crops with indented rough surfaces – IRS and undented smooth surfaces – USS) and were assessed for SLCHcrop. SLCHcrop for sweetpotato (1.46 Mg ha−1 harvest−1) was two times higher than that of carrot (0.62 Mg ha−1 harvest−1). Sweetpotato was higher than carrots by factors of 1.4 for fine-root weight, and 1.2 for fine-root weight per root crop yield. SLCHcrop for IRS was 54% higher than USS. Soil denudation rate by sweetpotato (1.47 × 10−2 mm yr−1) was 2.4 times higher than that by carrot (6.15 × 10−3 mm yr−1). Fertilizer equivalent cost of NPK losses due to sweetpotato harvest was higher than that of carrots by US$5.52 ha−1, while the IRS root crop was higher than the USS root crop by US$7.74 ha−1. Thus, root morphology majorly contributes to SLCHcrop and should be considered for soil degradation assessment for sustainable agriculture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".