Block shear and delamination performance of cross-laminated bamboo and timber: an experimental investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the bond quality and durability of three-layer cross-laminated bamboo and timber (CLBT) products, consisting of bamboo mat-curtain panels (BMCP) and hem-fir sawn timber bonded with a single-component polyurethane adhesive, evaluated through block shear and delamination tests. Block shear strength from loading along the major and minor strength directions and wood failure percentage were measured under dry and vacuum-pressure-soak-dry (VPSD) conditions. Delamination tests, involving soaking and boiling treatments, assessed the delamination percentage. Internal swelling and shrinking stresses during VPSD treatment accumulated damage to the bond lines, reducing block shear strength by 20–40%. CLBT specimens showed block shear strength that was 1.1–1.9 times higher when the hem-fir layers were loaded parallel to the grain rather than perpendicular to the grain. Both the VPSD and the delamination tests caused severe deterioration and delamination within the BMCP, hampering its potential for engineering applications. Due to the pronounced differences in structure between hem-fir lumber and BMCP, CLBT specimens exhibited paradoxical behaviour, showing a relatively high wood failure percentage of approximately 70% under VPSD treatment but a comparatively low delamination percentage of approximately 25% under the second-cycle boiling treatment, whereas the corresponding values for cross-laminated timber were approximately 60% and 40%, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".