The Effectiveness of the Mulligan Concept Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide Method in Patients with Non-specific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Single-Blinded Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Mulligan concept cervical sustained natural apoph yseal glide (SNAG) mobilization method in people with non-specific neck pain (NSNP). Methods: The study was conducted with 32 patients aged 18-50 years. The patients were divided randomly into the study (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. A total of 15 treatment sessions were applied to both groups. Joint range of motion (ROM) was evaluated with a universal goniometer, pain assessments with the short-form McGill questionnaire, functionality with the Neck Disability Index, quality of life with the Nottingham Health Profile scale, and sleep levels with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: Significant differences were detected in the measurement of ROM, pain, and neck disability severity before and after treatment in both the study and control groups (P < .05). Although no significant differences were detected in sleep quality and quality of life scores in the study group before and after treatment (P > .05), significant differences were detected in the control group (P < .05). After treatment, no differences were detected between the 2 groups in terms of ROM, pain, the severity of neck disability, sleep quality, and quality of life (P > .05). Conclusion: The SNAG method was found to be effective in improving cervical ROM, reducing pain, and disability. This study highlights the clinical relevance of the SNAG method as a safe and effective manual therapy technique for improving cervical mobility and reducing pain in individuals with NSNP. *CTN: NCT05425706 Cite this article as: Korkem Yorulmaz D, Çelik M, Yıldırım Şahan T, Aytar A, Elbaşı ND, Birbir B. The effectiveness of the Mulligan concept sustained natural apophy seal glide method in patients with non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled single-blinded trial. Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0202, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25202.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.042 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".