Redemption of Na <sub>2</sub> CO <sub>3</sub> : A Precursor for Ideal Interphase Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Layered sodium oxide cathodes form electrochemically unstable Na 2 CO 3 in humid air, causing capacity fade. This work redefines its role in cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) evolution. While a thick, loose Na 2 CO 3 layer promotes detrimental side reactions, a controlled layer can be transformed beneficially. Introducing fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) enables this Na 2 CO 3 to react in situ, forming a NaF-rich CEI with a dual-layer structure: a dense, insulating NaF inner layer and a Na 2 CO 3 outer layer. This effectively suppresses interfacial decomposition, enhancing cycling stability. To minimize initial Na loss, a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was employed to precisely regulate the Na 2 CO 3 thickness. The resulting composite “NaF/SAM-Na 2 CO 3 ” CEI synergistically delivers high initial capacity and exceptional long-term cyclability, achieving 88.7% capacity retention after 500 cycles. This study reveals Na 2 CO 3 ’s positive function and proposes a “preconstruction in situ transformation” strategy for designing advanced battery interfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".