Antenatal and Preoperative Factors Associated with 2-Year Outcome of Preterm Newborns with Biventricular Complex Congenital Heart Defects: A 23-Year Cohort Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: To explore whether antenatal and preoperative factors predict disability-free survival of preterm newborns with biventricular complex congenital heart defects (CHD). Methods: Retrospective cohort study, using the prospectively designed database of Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow Up Program and a chart review of mother–newborn dyads, born under 37 weeks’ gestation with biventricular complex CHD, between 1997 and 2019, who had open heart surgery up to 6 weeks corrected age. Surviving children had neurodevelopmental assessments between 18 and 24 months corrected age. Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd edition, and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition, assessed cognitive, language, and motor skills; Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, 3rd edition, assessed adaptive skills. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed predictors of mortality, disability (cerebral palsy, visual impairment, permanent hearing loss), and neurodevelopmental delay. Results: Of 84 preterm newborns (34.6 ± 2.1 weeks’ gestation, 2321 ± 609 g, 57% males), 8 (9.5%) died by 2 years of age; 69 (91%) survived without and 7 (9%) with disability. Chorioamnionitis was associated with death [Hazard ratio 7.92 (95% CI 1.3, 33.3), p = 0.025]; prolonged rupture of membranes was associated with disability [Odds Ratio 9.7 (95% CI 1.99, 46.9), p = 0.005]. Maternal diabetes, antenatal diagnosis of CCHD, birth head circumference, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and chromosomal anomalies were associated with adverse neurodevelopment. Conclusions: Chorioamnionitis and prolonged rupture of membranes are associated with worse outcomes in preterm newborns with biventricular complex CHD up to 2 years of age. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes are associated with maternal diabetes and antenatal diagnosis of CCHD. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".