Pterygium Is a Pre-Malignant Condition: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a hot and humid climate Pterygium is one of the common ocular surface disorders. The ultraviolet radiations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition. Objectives: To investigate the association between pterygium and ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and to determine the prevalence rates of both diseases in varied populations worldwide. Methods: The internet search in the selected databases resulted in 420 articles in the first round. The second round of screening of the titles excluded 26 articles ascribed to be duplicates. The third round of evaluation ended with the exclusion of 341 articles because they lacked an association between the pterygium and OSSN. In the final round, 29 studies were excluded according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 12492 pterygia samples were reported in 24 studies. Most of the studies had been conducted in hot and temperate climates. Out of these twenty-four, three studies were from areas of low UV Radiation like Canada, while six were from the USA, three were from South America, four studies were from Australia and New Zealand, three were from Europe, and one each was from South East Asia, the Middle East, and Far East Asia and Africa. Conclusions: There is a paucity of homogeneity in the reported data on the correlation of pterygium and OSSN. Such studies will delineate the relationship between patients with pterygium and suspected OSSN and will provide predictive information to care for public health issues in these countries.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".