Innate immune changes s in aging and in older T2DM subjects with or without obesity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract It could be that in older adults with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), especially associated with obesity (“diabesity”), their innate immune system changes would be more accentuated than in normal aging. To investigate the monocytes and macrophages phenotypes and functions. Methods We recruited 48 older subjects (aged from 65 to 80 years), 16 as healthy controls, 16 non obese and 16 obese T2DM patients. Obesity was determined by BMI over 30. We separated the monocytes by adherence and studied their phenotypes by using CD14 and CD16 and diferentiated them in macropages. The monocytes phenotype distribution in older and T2DM non obese subjects resembled that in young subjects, while T2DM obese subjects had a significant increase in the intermediate subpopulation (pro-inflammatory). When monocytes were incubated with M-CSF or autologous sera, they became predominantly M2 in healthy and T2DM non-obese subjects, while GM-CSF induced M1 phenotype in healthy and non-obese T2DM subjects. The M2 had an increased phagocytic capacity but produced less ROS. In contrast the M1 had a great ROS production capacity but much less phagocytic activity. Macrophages of obese T2DM subjects incubated in autologous sera differentiated in M1 in contrast to the healthy and non-obese T2DM subjects, and produced a significantly higher amount of ROS after opsonised E.coli and LPS stimulation. TNFα is increased in both T2DM group compared to healthy subjects. There is an inflammatory status with aging which is not modified by T2DM but much increased when obesity is present concomitantly with T2DM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".