From Decades to Days: Long-Term Cognitive Functioning and Momentary Stress-Control Dynamics in Older Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Multiple-time scale approaches offer new opportunities to examine how developmental processes unfolding over decades shape moment-to-moment experiences in daily life. Developmental theory suggests that long-term, age-related changes provide a foundation for short-term dynamics of stress and control. Supporting this view, prior work has shown that older adults whose disease burden had increased more across the past two decades experience more daily negative affect and heightened stress reactivity. Extending this line of inquiry, we combined data from 123 old adults (65–69 years, 47% women) and 32 very old adults (85–88 years, 59% women) who provided 24+ year within-person longitudinal data on cognitive (perceptual-motor) functioning and subsequently also completed repeated daily-life assessments of control beliefs and stress six times a day over 7 consecutive days as they were going about their daily-life routines. Using Dynamic Structural Equation Models that integrate long-term growth models with location-scale multilevel models revealed that older adults with steeper cognitive decline reported lower average base levels of perceived control, more reactivity to daily stressors, and more pronounced moment-to-moment fluctuations in perceived control that were independent of stressor exposure. We take our findings to showcase developmental processes evolving over vastly different timescales are closely intertwined and discuss how such new insights will inform developmental theories of control and daily-life functioning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".