Muscle Weakness, Proprioceptive Deficits, and Postural Stability in Unilateral Knee Osteoarthritis: A Comparative Analysis of Affected and Unaffected Limbs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, postural stability, proprioceptive sense, and weight-bearing asymmetry between the affected and unaffected lower limbs in patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and Methods: A total of 79 patients (70 women, nine men; mean age 61.08 ± 6.28 years) diagnosed with unilateral knee OA according to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, and functional status was evaluated with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Muscle strength was measured with a manual muscle dynamometer, proprioception with joint position sense tests at different knee flexion angles, and postural stability using a force platform under both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Weight-bearing distribution during bilateral stance was also evaluated. Results: Quadriceps and hamstring strength were significantly lower in the affected limb compared to the unaffected side (p 0.001). Weight-bearing on the affected limb was reduced under both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions (p 0.001). However, no significant interlimb differences were observed in postural stability parameters or proprioceptive accuracy at any tested angles (p > 0.05). Additionally, patients demonstrated a significant asymmetry in load transfer during bilateral stance, favoring the non-affected limb. Conclusion: Patients with unilateral knee OA exhibit reduced muscle strength and weight-bearing capacity in the affected limb, along with asymmetrical load distribution during stance. These findings highlight the importance of addressing weight-bearing asymmetry and muscle weakness in early rehabilitation programs to prevent further functional deterioration and disease progression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".