Examining the Effectiveness of Neurofeedback-Based and Cognitive Rehabilitation-Based Relapse Prevention on Depression in Methamphetamine Users
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback-based and cognitive rehabilitation-based relapse prevention on depression in methamphetamine users. Methods and Materials: This research is fundamental in terms of its aim, survey-based in terms of data collection method, and quantitative in terms of analytical approach. Data were collected using the Beck Depression Inventory, the Craving Assessment Questionnaire by Franken et al. (2002), and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included women aged 20 to 40 with a history of methamphetamine addiction in Tehran who had undergone withdrawal and participated in 12-step group classes. Interventions were carried out in two groups: neurofeedback and cognitive rehabilitation. Written informed consent was obtained from participants prior to entering the study, and the study was registered with the ethics committee. Neurofeedback sessions were conducted over five weeks, with two 40-minute sessions per week, while cognitive rehabilitation was implemented in 14 sessions of 30 minutes each, conducted twice weekly. To test the research hypotheses and compare groups, univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 28. Findings: The results showed that the effectiveness of the neurofeedback and cognitive rehabilitation interventions on the variables of depression and momentary craving was confirmed (p < 0.05). The results also indicated that the significance level obtained for the depression variable was less than the alpha error level of 0.05, indicating the effectiveness of the neurofeedback and cognitive rehabilitation interventions in improving depression. The effect size was 0.110, showing that the intervention accounted for 11.00% of the variance in depression. Conclusion: Neurofeedback-based and cognitive rehabilitation interventions significantly reduced depression and craving in methamphetamine users, suggesting their potential utility as complementary approaches within therapeutic programs for individuals recovering from methamphetamine addiction.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".