Enlarged perivascular spaces and mild behavioral impairment: A cross‐sectional analysis in dementia‐free older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and mild behavioral impairment (MBI) are associated with greater dementia risk. We investigated cross‐sectional associations between EPVS burden and MBI presence and symptom severity. Methods Participants were dementia‐free older adults in the Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia (COMPASS‐ND) study. EPVS were assessed using a validated visual rating scale applied to T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. MBI was measured using the informant‐reported MBI Checklist (MBI‐C) with a cut‐point of ≥6 for MBI presence. Multivariable logistic and zero‐inflated negative binomial regressions modelled EPVS associations with MBI presence and symptom severity, respectively, adjusting for age, education, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, with and EPVS*sex interaction term. Results Among 363 participants (52.9% female), every 1‐point rise in total EPVS score was associated with 1.29‐fold greater odds of having MBI (95%CI:1.07–1.54, p = 0.007). When examining regional EPVS burden, those with higher centrum semiovale scores had greater odds of MBI (aOR=1.48, 95%CI:1.09–12.02, p = 0.01), but this association was not significant for the basal ganglia (aOR=1.39, 95%CI:0.97–1.99, p = 0.07) or midbrain (aOR=1.48, 95%CI:0.80–2.76, p = 0.21). Total and regional EPVS scores were not associated with MBI symptom severity. None of the associations were moderated by sex. Conclusion Older adults with greater global and centrum semiovale EPVS burden are more likely to have MBI. These findings suggest that early microvascular pathology may contribute to later‐life emergent and persistent behavioural symptoms, although longitudinal data are required, along with other indicators of vascular pathology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".