Centrifuge modelling of an OWT monopile foundation in saturated sand subjected to cyclic dynamic storm loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel centrifuge tests of an Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) monopile foundation were recently conducted using the 500gton capacity beam centrifuge at the ETH Zurich (ETHZ) Geotechnical Centrifuge Center (GCC). The goal of these tests is twofold: (i) to investigate soil drainage conditions under cyclic storm loading, which are critical in the design and performance of OWT monopile foundations; and (ii) to produce a first-of-its-kind set of high quality, well documented experiments that can be used for validation of advanced numerical models and design optimization. The model was built in a rigid cylindrical box, containing saturated Ottawa sand with Dr ≈ 75% and a steel monopile with an embedded length over diameter (L/D) ratio of 3.75. Tested at a centrifugal acceleration of 60g, the monopile was subjected to load-controlled lateral cyclic dynamic loading, applied to the top of the monopile using a custom-designed hydraulic actuator. The paper discusses the design of the centrifuge experiments and the preparation of the model, along with some preliminary results of the lateral cyclic dynamic tests. Selected results are compared to blind predictions made by GR8 GEO prior to testing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".