Clinical and epidemiological aspects of colangiocarcinoma in dogs from the central region of RS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is considered a rare primary hepatic neoplasm in dogs in most of the world. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, this is a very common form of liver cancer. Based on the high prevalence and, consequently, on the importance it brings to local canine medicine, the objective of this paper is to establish the epidemiological and clinical aspects of cholangiocarcinoma in dogs. For this, 66 cases of cholangiocarcinomas in dogs, diagnosed between 2000 and 2018, were evaluated. Males and females accounted for 45.5% and 54.5% of cases, respectively. Breed dogs and non-breed dogs accounted for 63.6% and 36.4% of cases, respectively. The affected dogs died between 4 and 18 years of age. The mean age of death was 10.9 years. Adult and elderly dogs accounted for 31.7% and 68.3% of the cases, respectively. The prevalence of major clinical signs was as follows: inappetence or anorexia (83.3%), progressive weight loss or cachexia (78.8%), abdominal distension (34.8%) due to the “mass effect” (31.8 %), ascites (12.1%) and/or hemoperitoneum (16.7%), mucous pallor (33.3%), vomiting (30.3%), dyspnea (28.8%), fever (21.2%), jaundice (19.7%), and diarrhea (15.2%). Two paraneoplastic syndromes are described for the first time for dogs with cholangiocarcinoma: paraneoplastic hypoglycemia (7.6%) and glucagonoma syndrome (3%). The results expressed in this article allow us to conclude that cholangiocarcinoma occurs frequently in dogs in the Central Region of RS, regardless of gender, breed or age, but it is less frequent in females and much more common in the elderly, that is, in dogs above 10 years old. The main clinical signs of cholangiocarcinoma are much more associated with abdominal distension by "mass effect" or paraneoplastic syndromes than with hepatic impairment itself.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".