Emergência e transição na locomoção de lactentes típicos entre 5 e 18 meses de idade: caminhos de desenvolvimento e elementos da paisagem epigenética
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Locomotion is one hallmark of autonomy in infancy. From a dynamical perspective, different elements compose a developmental system, and behavioral patterns are characterized as states reached by this system over a time scale. While the onset of a new state is called emergence, a transition is the phase shift from one state to another. This study aimed to characterize the emergence and transition of locomotor behaviors of typical Brazilian infants from 5 to 18 months old and to verify associations of these events with the infant´s characteristics (sex, anthropometric data, and developmental status by Alberta Infant Motor Scale), parental belief, body positioning, and home experiences. This longitudinal research assessed remotely 45 full-term infants divided into age groups from 5 to 18 months old (G1: 5 to 11 mo, n=19; G2 9 to 15 mo n=18; G3: 13 to 18 mo, n=8). Parents recorded infants during 7.73±1.21 minutes of free play at home every 15 days over the follow-up. Locomotion bouts were identified and coded according to the behavioral state: crawling on the belly; hands-and-knees; hands-and-feet; asymmetrical, walking on knees or feet. An emergence was registered when a new behavior appeared in the locomotor repertoire and a transition when there was a change in the predominance of behaviors observed between videos. Results showed that the age at locomotion onset and not the behavioral form was associated with subsequent events of emergence and transition. There were 15 different pathways of emergence of locomotor behaviors for G1 and 8 for G2, whereas transition was characterized by 12 different pathways for G1, 13 for G2, and 3 for G3. Most emergence and transition events were related to hands-and-knees crawling and walking on feet. Motor developmental status was the only characteristic of the infant associated with the emergence and transition of behaviors. The emergence of independent walking took longer for those infants whose parents agreed that development is a natural process that does not depend on stimulation. Parental expectations and beliefs were only related to independent walking which may suggest that their infant handling practices focused only on this behavior. The frequency of playing on the floor was positively associated with age at locomotion onset and the emergence of hands-and-knees crawling whereas staying in the cradle, or the supine position was negatively associated with age at the emergence and transition of upright locomotor behaviors. This thesis showed that in the diversity of pathways, the most stable states in locomotion development were crawling on hands-and-knees and walking on feet with or without support. The elements of the epigenetic landscape associated with emergence and transition in locomotion development were the developmental status, some parental beliefs, and the frequency of infants playing on the floor, staying in the cradle, or in the supine posture. Finally, the fact that parental beliefs were only related to unsupported walking on feet shows that in addition to biomechanical aspects, there is a social reason for this behavior to be the most attractive state in the epigenetic landscape of locomotion
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".