An Adaptive Dual-Mode HBC Transceiver for Medical and Entertainment Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human body communication (HBC) is a low-power communication method using the human body as a medium for wearable and implantable devices. Existing systems support either Carrier-Based HBC (CB-HBC) with carrier modulation for noise immunity or Carrierless HBC (CL-HBC) with carrierfree signaling for simplicity and higher data rates, leading to separate transceiver (TRX) designs and limited flexibility. This work presents a unified TRX in TSMC 65 nm silicon supporting both modes with real-time adaptability. Key features include: (1) a reconfigurable transmitter (TX) switching between CB-HBC across 4 carrier frequencies (up to 21 MHz) and CL-HBC, (2) an adaptive receiver (RX) with 4 digitally controlled bias levels for mode-specific gain-bandwidth tuning, and (3) programmable data rates up to 2 Mbps in CB-HBC, and 5.25 Mbps in CL-HBC. Measurement results show an energy efficiency of $25 \mathrm{pJ} / \mathrm{bit}$ (CB-HBC) and $8.4 \mathrm{pJ} /$ bit (CL-HBC), power consumption of $50 \mu \mathbf{W}$ and $44 \mu \mathbf{W}$ respectively, bit error rate (BER) $\lt10^{-4}$ at a carrier-to-data rate ratio $\lt14$ for CB-HBC, and sensitivity of $\mathbf{- 9 1 ~ d B m}$ in a $\mathbf{0. 1 2} \mathrm{mm}^{2}$ area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".