A REVIEW OF NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: STRUCTURAL INCONSISTENCES AND THE DIFFICULTIES IN NATION-BUILDING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The original purpose of Nigeria's federal structure was to oversee the great ethnic, regional, and resource diversity of the nation. However, federalism has often strengthened political fragmentation and regional inequality rather than reducing division. With a focus on how geography, resource distribution, and identity politics influence power dynamics, this paper uses a political economy viewpoint to analyze the structural difficulties and opportunities of Nigerian federalism. The study tracks the colonial roots of the federation and the uneven legacies that still influence intergovernmental relations using a qualitative historical approach based on secondary sources. According to the analysis, oil dependence exacerbates distributive conflicts and fuels territorial contestation, while the ongoing concentration of political and economic power at the center threatens subnational autonomy. In addition to strengthening ethno-regional rivalry and solidifying the North-South divide, federalism has resulted in distinct patterns of development and electoral behavior throughout space. The research illustrates how diversity can be managed when institutions permit significant regional autonomy, promote intergovernmental cooperation, and take into account local identities. It does this by drawing comparisons from more stable federations like Canada and Switzerland. The study comes to the conclusion that without significant reform, Nigeria's federal system will continue to be precarious. It makes the case that in order to change federalism from a source of conflict into a framework for inclusive nation-building and spatial justice, constitutional reform, fiscal decentralization, and more balanced regional development strategies are necessary.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".