[Overview of the most important (patho)physiological mechanisms of high-altitude acclimatization in healthy individuals].
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: More and more people are spending time at high altitudes, either recreationally or permanently. As altitude increases, the partial pressure of inspired oxygen decreases, leading to hypobaric hypoxia and triggering a wide range of physiological adaptations. This article discusses the most relevant (patho)physiological acclimatization effects at high altitudes in healthy subjects. Hypobaric hypoxia primarily affects respiration, circulation, blood, as well as sleep and brain function. Respiration responds immediately with increased ventilation (hypoxic ventilatory response), reducing CO₂ levels and causing respiratory alkalosis, which is later compensated renally. Above approximately 2500 m, periodic breathing often occurs, disrupting sleep. Cardiac output initially rises due to an increased heart rate but decreases later as stroke volume declines. Plasma volume contracts rapidly, raising hematocrit and increasing blood viscosity. In the long term, erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production, enhancing oxygen transport capacity. Physical performance begins to decline linearly from around 1500 m, and maximum oxygen uptake remains limited despite acclimatization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".