Blaž Torkar. Yugoslavia: The OSS and the Chetnik and Partisan Resistance Movements. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2020.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blaž Torkar offers a comprehensive, and almost encyclopedic, survey of all of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) missions that penetrated Axis occupied Yugoslavia, with a focus on occupied Slovenia.The OSS was the United States's first truly global intelligence agency, and the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).It was involved in gathering intelligence on the U.S.'s Axis enemies, but also assisted resistance movements behind enemy lines.There have been very few studies in English on OSS activities in Yugoslavia and Slovenia.Most notable of them was Kirk Ford Jr.'s 1992 work (OSS and the Yugoslav Resistance, 1943-1945) that evaluated the OSS's activity among the Yugoslav resistance and questioned the commonly applied traitor-liberator trope used to describe General Draža Mihailović and his rival Josip Broz Tito.There have also been a number of autobiographical studies from former OSS agents in Yugoslavia, most significantly by Franklin Lindsay (Beacons in the Night: With the OSS and Tito's Partisans in Wartime Yugoslavia 1993) who traversed Nazi-occupied Slovenia alongside the Partisans in 1944.New works on the OSS in Yugoslavia have followed a predictable path, often appearing shortly after the intermittent release of new archival material.Ford Jr.'s book, for example, was based heavily upon OSS archives that were declassified in the 1980s and early 1990s.Torkar's work follows this pattern, as it is not only based upon previously opened OSS archives held at the U.S. National Archives in College Park, Maryland, as well as relevant documents on the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.059 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".