Photobiomodulation at BL-18 Acupoint Ameliorates Pyrazinamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice (Mus musculus): Optimization of Exposure Duration and Biphasic Dose-Response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs), particularly pyrazinamide (PZA), continues to be a major barrier to successful tuberculosis (TB) treatment.Nonpharmacological approaches such as laser acupuncture (laser-puncture) have been proposed to provide hepatoprotective effects through photo-biomodulation mechanisms (PBM), yet scientific evidence of their benefits in PZA-induced hepatotoxicity remains scarce.This study aimed to investigate the effects of laser-puncture at the BL-18 acupoint on serum liver enzymes and hepatic histology in mice subjected to PZA-induced liver injury.Mice were assigned to treatment groups based on laser exposure duration (60, 80, 100, and 120 seconds) using a laser with a wavelength of 660 nm, 50 m-Watt, 6 mm spot size, and a control group without intervention.Serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) levels were quantified, and liver histology was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining to determine hepatocyte necrosis.Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Duncan's Multiple Range Test for biochemical parameters, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for histological findings.Laser-puncture significantly reduced SGOT and SGPT levels compared with the control group (p < 0.001).The 80-second exposure (K2 Group) yielded the most optimal hepatoprotective effects, with SGOT (99.86 U/L) and SGPT (52.43 U/L) restored to normal physiological ranges.Histological evaluation showed the lowest necrosis scores in the 80-and 100second groups, corroborating the biochemical improvements.The non-linear response pattern observed across exposure durations supports the biphasic dose-response model in photo-biomodulation, indicating the presence of an optimal therapeutic window for maximal biological benefit.Overall, these findings demonstrate that laser-puncture at the BL-18 acupoint has promising potential as an adjunctive intervention to alleviate PZAinduced hepatotoxicity.Improvements at both biochemical and histological levels provide a foundational scientific rationale for further translational research.Future studies incorporating detailed laser parameter characterization, molecular pathway profiling, and validation in higher animal models and clinical populations are recommended to strengthen evidence for its incorporation into TB treatment strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".