Bibliographic record
Abstract
The new elite of Pakistan exercised its hegemony with the privileged position given to Islam and Urdu. The scope of this paper is confined to problematic to thrust Urdu in East Pakistan and the Punjabi population. In the absence of any discussion, debate or dialogue on national language, the use of coercion against the Bengali population was preferred. Despite this, they refused to accept Urdu. The language identity became hegemonic in East Pakistan over religious identity. In Punjab, however, formation of consent worked in favor of Urdu. Urdu was in use during British raj and it continued uninterrupted under the new regime. It does not mean Urdu acceptance was universal among Punjabis. Resistance to Urdu developed in major urban centers but it has remained confined to intelligentsia and small groups. The use of coercion against Punjabis was milder compared with brutal oppression of Bengalis. Punjabi domination of military-bureaucratic state has created a false sense of superiority in Punjab. The Punjabi establishment has also identified with Urdu to assume the role of national hegemon.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".