Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research extends a well-known solution by Scherl and Levesque to the classical frame problem for knowledge-producing actions to obligation-producing actions. An obligation-producing action is one which creates obligations on the part of whoever agent performs it. Both works have their roots in the seminal work of Raymond Reiter who proposed the so-called successor state axioms as a solution to the frame problem for actions that are neither knowledge, nor obligation producing. The specification in this paper yields intuitive properties that one would expect from obligations. Obligation-producing actions do only affect a newly introduced fluent for capturing the notion of obligation in the Situation Calculus, and no other fluents, except those fluents that are made obligatory by obligation-producing actions. In addition, persistence appears as a consequence of this new setting: if something is obligatory to an agent in a given situation, it remains obligatory everywhere as it should be, unless something contrary to the obligation occurs. We show that Reiter's regression operator for reasoning about actions back to the initial situation is a reasoning mechanism for this setting as well.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".