Will AmFree Kill the GLOBE?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The following amicus curiae brief was filed with the Court of Justice of the European Union on November 19, 2025, by Tarcísio Diniz Magalhães, assistant research professor with the University of Antwerp Faculty of Law and Antwerp Tax Academy; Allison Christians, H. Heward Stikeman Chair in Tax Law at McGill University and director of the Canadian Center for Tax Policy; Leyla Ateş, professor of tax law with Kadir Has University Faculty of Law, Türkiye; Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, Irwin I. Cohn Professor of Law at the University of Michigan School of Law; Stjepan Gadžo, associate professor with the University of Rijeka Faculty of Law, Croatia; Young Ran (Christine) Kim, professor of law with the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University; N. Nilay Dayanç Kuzeyli, assistant professor of tax law with İ.D. Bilkent University Faculty of Law, Türkiye; Jeroen Lammers, assistant professor of international tax law with the Copenhagen Business School; Ivan Ozai, associate professor and Queen’s Faculty Scholar in Tax Law and Policy with Queen’s University, Canada; and Afton Titus, associate professor with the University of Cape Town Faculty of Law, South Africa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".