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Strategies for Addressing the Lack of Artificial Intelligence Regulations to Protect Consumers in Digital Communication

2025· article· en· W7127167201 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Norma Dwi Kartika Sari, Sri Winiarti, Choirul Fajri, Sonny Zulhuda

Bibliographic record

VenueSpringer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicLegal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNormativeStatutory lawData Protection Act 1998Consumer protectionInformation and Communications TechnologyDigital transformationDigital rights

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The rapid development and implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) present substantial legal challenges for the digital society. While AI has the potential to offer numerous benefits, concerns about commercial exploitation and unforeseen technological risks have led many countries to seek appropriate legal frameworks to prevent potential harm. The era of digital communication presents artificial intelligence. AI should be developed to provide more optimal consumer protection, but the presence of artificial intelligence also has a negative impact with various criminal acts that occur in digital transactions. Therefore, regulations are needed to provide more optimal consumer protection. So far, regulations related to AI are still very limited, so they need to be developed. This research is very important to do. Therefore, this study conducted a study related to strategies to overcome the lack of regulations related to AI to provide consumer protection in the digital communication era. In addition, this study provides an overview of AI regulations carried out by developed countries, such as: the United States, Canada, China, the European Union, and South Korea. Employing normative legal research methods, the study utilizes a statutory regulation approach, drawing on both primary data sources and secondary legal materials. All data is analyzed qualitatively. The development of AI has prompted various countries to establish regulations to protect consumers from potential risks posed by this technology. Based on these policies, it can be seen that some countries already have regulations governing the use of AI with a focus on digital communication and consumer protection. Addressing the lack of AI regulations to protect consumers in digital communication involves a combination of strategies aimed at ensuring transparency, fairness, accountability, and safety in AI technologies.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.130
Threshold uncertainty score0.492

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.095
GPT teacher head0.377
Teacher spread0.283 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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