Effects Of Temperature On Energy Metabolism And Locomotory Behavior In The European Rock Shrimp (Palaemon Elegans)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marine heat waves have become more frequent and intense over recent decades while atmospheric temperatures are expected to exceed 1.5ºC by the end of century. This can pose significant challenges to the coastal aquatic ecosystem, particularly tidepools, as tidepool organisms may already live near their thermal tolerance due to the small water volume and limited mixing at low tide. This is notably relevant to the Gulf of Maine, where sea surface temperatures are warming three times faster than the global average due to its enclosed bathymetry with limited water exchange, the northward shift of the Gulf Stream, and weakening of the Labrador Current. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that thermal stress would compromise the metabolism and locomotory performance of the intertidal shrimp, Palaemon elegans. Shrimp were sourced from Biddeford Pool (Southern Maine), and were exposed to 20, 25, and 30ºC for two weeks. We measured whole-animal metabolic rate (maximum, average), enzyme activity (citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase), locomotion (acceleration, speed, distance moved, nearest-neighbor distance), and growth (whole-body protein, triglycerides, body mass, total length) to understand how changes in locomotion could be linked to physiological parameters. Statistical significance was examined with a Bayesian criterion (PD ≥ 97.5%, analogous to = 0.05). Our study demonstrated that metabolic rate and enzyme activity increased with temperature between 20 and 25ºC, but did not change between 25 and 30ºC. Locomotion did not change across all temperatures. In addition, assessments of growth did not show any changes, indicating no energetic depletion through the temperature exposure. These results showed that an increase in metabolic rate did not translate into enhanced locomotion. This discrepancy may indicate a metabolic trade-off under thermal stress, potentially due to neuromuscular constraints. Our study has important implications for understanding metabolic tradeoffs in acclimation to increasing temperatures with ongoing climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".