Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Healthcare Workers at Herat Regional Hospital Regarding the Hepatitis B Vaccine in Herat, Afghanistan: A descriptive Cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of HCWs toward the HBV vaccine at Herat Regional Hospital, Afghanistan, to identify gaps and guide preventive strategies. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2024 among HCWs directly involved in patient care. A total of 264 participants, including physicians, nurses, technicians, and allied health staff, were surveyed using a structured, self-administered questionnaire adapted from validated KAP tools. Data were analyzed descriptively with frequencies and percentages using SPSS version 27. Results: Participants were predominantly 25–29 years old (50.0%), male (59.5%), and nurses (37.1%). Only 19.7% reported prior training on HBV vaccination. Regarding knowledge, 59.5% indicated sufficient information about the vaccine, 73.9% identified the correct number of doses, yet 39.8% were unaware of potential side effects. Attitudes were generally favorable: 83.3% considered HBV vaccination necessary, and 89.4% emphasized infection-control guidelines; however, 29.5% were uncertain about the vaccine’s safety and effectiveness. In practice, 63.3% had been vaccinated, but only 39.4% attended HBV-related training sessions, and 43.2% did not use external sources to update their knowledge. Notably, 90.9% supported mandatory vaccination policies. Conclusion: HCWs at Herat Regional Hospital demonstrated moderate knowledge and positive attitudes toward HBV vaccination, yet substantial practice gaps remain, particularly in training participation and full vaccine uptake. Strengthening institutional policies, mandatory vaccination programs, and continuous professional education are urgently needed to ensure comprehensive protection for HCWs and safeguard patient safety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".