AMPA receptors mediating glutamatergic synaptic activity in the preBötzinger Complex (PBC) OR inspiratory drive to phrenic and XII motoneurons (MNs) are differentially sensitive to UBP302
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kainate (KA) receptors (Rs) are glutamate Rs assembled from GluR5‐7 and KA1‐2 subunits. They are widely expressed in the CNS, but their functional significance is largely unknown, due in part to a lack of selective antagonists. UBP302 is a GluR5 antagonist that is selective at concentrations 10 μM. To assess the role of GluR5 Rs in respiratory activity, UBP302 was bath‐applied to rhythmic brainstem‐spinal cord (BSSC) or medullary slice preparations. At 10 μM, it had no effect on frequency (f) of XII or C4 nerve burst amplitude. At 100 μM UB302, C4 and XII burst amplitudes fell to 0.7 ± 0.1 (BSSC; n=5) or 0.5 ± 0.1 of control, (slice; n=6). f was also unaffected by local injection of UBP302 (100 μM) into the PBC (n = 4). To confirm concentration dependence of UBP302 selectivity for KA vs AMPA Rs, we used whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recordings of XII MNs in (1 μM TTX) to assess the effects on membrane current of combinations of ATPA (KAR agonist), UBP302, AMPA, and SYM2206 (AMPAR antagonist). We defined a SYM2206‐insensitive, ATPA current (−23±5pA) that was maximally blocked by 10 μM UBP302. Also, AMPA currents were inhibited by UBP302, but only when UBP302 was >100 μM. These data indicate that XII MNs express GluR5‐containing KARs that do not contribute to inspiratory drive. Data also suggest differential involvement of AMPAR subtypes in inspiratory rhythm generation and transmission of the drive to MNs. Funding: AHFMR, CIHR, CFI, AHFMR
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".