Use of anakinra during pregnancy and breastfeeding in women with recurrent pericarditis: a case series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Recurrent pericarditis poses significant challenges in pregnant and breastfeeding women, requiring treatments that balance maternal health with fetal safety. Anakinra is a recombinant form of human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and is effective in managing recurrent pericarditis resistant to standard therapies. However, limited data exist on its safety during conception, pregnancy, and lactation, partly due to the rarity of systemic autoinflammatory diseases and the exclusion of reproductive-age women from trials. Methods Women with idiopathic, colchicine-resistant, corticosteroid-dependent recurrent pericarditis treated with anakinra during pregnancy were analyzed. Data included maternal age, medical history, pregnancy outcomes, delivery details, adverse events, and neonatal health, including APGAR scores, birth weight, congenital abnormalities, and breastfeeding outcomes. Results Fourteen women were treated with anakinra during pregnancy, leading to 15 newborns and two early abortions. Two pregnancies are still ongoing. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were favorable, with no complications or adverse effects during pregnancy. There were no congenital anomalies or neonatal infections. Nine babies were breastfed while mothers continued anakinra without adverse effects. Recurrences of pericarditis occurred in nine pregnancies, during anakinra tapering, easily managed with dose adjustments. Conclusion Anakinra is a viable treatment for recurrent pericarditis in pregnant and breastfeeding women when conventional therapies fail. While current evidence supports its safety and efficacy, further studies are essential to establish comprehensive treatment guidelines. Multidisciplinary management is important to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".