Bibliographic record
Abstract
In August 1712, Makisabé, a Bodéwadmi (Potawatomi) chief from a village on the St.Joseph River in what is presently southwestern Michigan, traveled to Montreal, where he met with the governor-general of New France, Philippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil.Vaudreuil and Makisabé were allies, as their respective peoples had been since the 1670s, and Makisabé had come to explain his role in the fighting that had broken out at the French post of Detroit that June between two groups of France's Indigenous allies.The first group centered on a coalition of Anishinaabemowin-speaking peoples-the Bodéwadmi, Odawa, and Anishinaabe (Ojibwe)-but also included many Illinois, Myaamia (Miami), and Wendat (Huron).On the other side was an alliance of Central Algonquianspeaking peoples-the Meskwaki (Fox), Mascouten, and Kickapoo-who, until recently, had lived primarily west of Lake Michigan in what is currently Wisconsin.Makisabé and an Odawa chief from the Grand River named Saguima claimed to have organized the attack on the Meskwaki and their allies.Ultimately, this fighting, which soon came to include the French, led to nearly two decades of conflict between the French and Meskwaki alliance networks, known to historians as the Fox Wars (1712-1733), the final stages of which saw a genocidal campaign by the French that nearly destroyed the Meskwaki as a people.The record of what Makisabé told Vaudreuil on August 17, 1712, titled "Parolles de Makisabé" ("Words of Makisabé"), thus provides a crucial Indigenous perspective on the beginnings of a pivotal conflict in the history of early America by one of its key participants.Taking Makisabé's account seriously challenges most scholarly narratives on the outbreak of the Fox Wars, shifting the focus from relationships between French and Indigenous peoples at Detroit to relationships among a diverse array of Indigenous people living farther west, outside the sight of French officials.1 Ian Tonat earned his PhD from The College of William & Mary in 2022 with a dissertation titled "The People of the Bay: Native Society and Alliance in the Green Bay Region, 1650-1750."He is an
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".