Aporocotyle simplex fluke from the flounder Hippoglossoides platessoides in Svalbard.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In my bachelor thesis I studied trematodes from plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides obtained during expeditions to Svalbard in 2014 and 2018. My goal was morphological and molecular processing of the obtained material, which allowed me to confirm the identification of the flukes as Aporocotyle simplex Odhner, 1900. Aporocotyle simplex is a common parasite of plaice, ocurring mainly in Hippoglossoides platessoides, but also in Limanda limanda and Pleuronectes platessa. The species A. simplex is geographically distributed in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada, off the west coast of Sweden, in the Barents Sea and Bering Sea, off the coast of Kamchatka and Greenland. My results showed that the species A. simplex is widespread in Svalbard. In the practical part, I dealt with methods that helped me to identify the studied specimens. I observed the trematode tegumental surface with aid of a scanning electrom microscope (JEOL JSM-7401F). The trematode internal organs were stained with Mayer-Schuberg carmine, which allowed me to observe and draw the mounted specimens using a light microscope (Olympus BX51) equipped with a drawing attachment. Furthermore, for molecular analysis, the DNA was isolated using the commercial Exgene Tissue SV mini kit (GeneAll). The isolated DNA (the gene for the large ribosomal subunit, 28S rRNA) was amplified by PCR, the obtained PCR products were sequenced on an automated sequencer (ABI Prism 3130xl or 3730xl, by SEQme). The newly acquired sequences (three in total) were aligned in the program Geneious 8.0.5with sequences available from GenBank (64 sequences). Phylogenetic analysis of the species relationships within the family Aporocotylidae was performed using the Maximum Likelihood method with TPM2u + F + G4 used as the best model. Aporocotyle simplex falls into a separate branch together with A. michaudi, from which however, it differs substantially by its morphology (distribution of tegumental spines on body and their number in the clusters, number of testes, ratio of esophagus length to body length) and geographical distribution (A. michaudi occurs in the South Atlantic Ocean).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".